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# WEFAX / Radiofax Decoder Implementation Plan
> **Crate**: `trx-wefax` &mdash; `src/decoders/trx-wefax/`
> **Status**: Implemented (Phases 13b) &mdash; 2026-04-02
## 1. Overview
WEFAX (Weather Facsimile, ITU-T T.4 / WMO) is an analog image transmission
mode used by meteorological agencies worldwide (NOAA, DWD, JMH, etc.) on HF
and satellite downlinks. The decoder converts FM-modulated audio tones into
greyscale (or colour-composited) image lines.
### Goals
- Pure Rust, zero C FFI dependencies (matching project conventions).
- Multi-speed support: **60, 90, 120, 240 LPM** (lines per minute).
- Multi-IOC support: **288 and 576** (Index of Cooperation &mdash; defines
line pixel width).
- Automatic start/stop detection via APT tones.
- Phase-aligned line assembly from phasing signal.
- Incremental image output (line-by-line progress + final PNG).
- Follow existing decoder patterns (`process_block` / `decode_if_ready`).
## 2. WEFAX Signal Structure
```
Carrier (1900 Hz center, ±400 Hz deviation)
Black = 1500 Hz
White = 2300 Hz
(linear mapping between frequency and luminance)
Transmission sequence:
┌─────────────┐
│ Start tone │ 300 Hz (5s) or 675 Hz (3s) — selects IOC 576 / 288
├─────────────┤
│ Phasing │ >95% white line + narrow black pulse — phase alignment
│ (30 lines) │
├─────────────┤
│ Image lines │ N lines at configured LPM
├─────────────┤
│ Stop tone │ 450 Hz (5s) — signals end of transmission
└─────────────┘
```
### Key parameters
| Parameter | IOC 576 | IOC 288 |
|-----------|---------|---------|
| Pixels per line | 1809 | 904 |
| Line duration (120 LPM) | 500 ms | 500 ms |
| Line duration (60 LPM) | 1000 ms | 1000 ms |
| Pixel clock | ~3618 px/s (120 LPM) | ~1808 px/s (120 LPM) |
Pixel count per line = `IOC × π` (rounded: 576×π ≈ 1809, 288×π ≈ 904).
## 3. Architecture
```mermaid
graph TD
PCM["PCM audio (f32, 48 kHz)"] --> RS["Resampler (to internal rate)"]
RS --> FM["FM Discriminator"]
FM --> LPF["Low-pass filter (anti-alias)"]
LPF --> TD["Tone Detector (APT start/stop)"]
LPF --> PA["Phase Aligner"]
PA --> LS["Line Slicer"]
LS --> IMG["Image Assembler"]
IMG --> OUT["WefaxMessage (line / image)"]
TD --> SM["State Machine"]
SM -->|controls| PA
SM -->|controls| LS
```
### Internal sample rate
Resample input to **11,025 Hz** (sufficient for 2300 Hz max tone with
comfortable margin; matches common WEFAX decoder practice and keeps DSP
cost low).
## 4. Module Layout
```
src/decoders/trx-wefax/
Cargo.toml
src/
lib.rs # Public API: WefaxDecoder, WefaxConfig, WefaxEvent
decoder.rs # Top-level decoder state machine + process_block/decode_if_ready
demod.rs # FM discriminator (instantaneous frequency from analytic signal)
tone_detect.rs # Goertzel-based APT tone detector (300/450/675 Hz)
phase.rs # Phasing signal detector and line-start alignment
line_slicer.rs # Pixel clock recovery, line buffer assembly
resampler.rs # Polyphase rational resampler (48k → 11025)
image.rs # Image buffer, PNG encoding, optional colour compositing
config.rs # WefaxConfig: speed, IOC, auto-detect, output path
```
## 5. Core Types
### 5.1 Configuration
```rust
pub struct WefaxConfig {
/// Lines per minute: 60, 90, 120, 240. `None` = auto-detect from APT.
pub lpm: Option<u16>,
/// Index of Cooperation: 288 or 576. `None` = auto-detect from start tone.
pub ioc: Option<u16>,
/// Centre frequency of the FM subcarrier (default 1900 Hz).
pub center_freq_hz: f32,
/// Deviation (default ±400 Hz, so black=1500, white=2300).
pub deviation_hz: f32,
/// Directory for saving decoded images.
pub output_dir: Option<String>,
/// Whether to emit line-by-line progress events.
pub emit_progress: bool,
}
```
### 5.2 Decoder state machine
```rust
pub enum WefaxState {
/// Listening for APT start tone.
Idle,
/// Start tone detected; waiting for phasing signal.
StartDetected { ioc: u16, tone_start_sample: u64 },
/// Receiving phasing lines; aligning line-start phase.
Phasing { ioc: u16, lpm: u16, phase_offset: Option<usize> },
/// Actively decoding image lines.
Receiving { ioc: u16, lpm: u16, line_number: u32 },
/// Stop tone detected; finalising image.
Stopping,
}
```
### 5.3 Output messages (for `trx-core::DecodedMessage`)
```rust
/// A complete or in-progress WEFAX image.
pub struct WefaxMessage {
pub rig_id: Option<String>,
pub ts_ms: Option<i64>,
/// Number of image lines decoded so far.
pub line_count: u32,
/// Detected or configured LPM.
pub lpm: u16,
/// Detected or configured IOC.
pub ioc: u16,
/// Pixels per line (IOC × π, rounded).
pub pixels_per_line: u16,
/// Filesystem path to saved PNG (set on completion).
pub path: Option<String>,
/// True when image is complete (stop tone received).
pub complete: bool,
}
/// Progress update emitted every N lines during active reception.
pub struct WefaxProgress {
pub rig_id: Option<String>,
pub line_count: u32,
pub lpm: u16,
pub ioc: u16,
}
```
## 6. DSP Pipeline Detail
### 6.1 Resampling
Rational polyphase resampler: 48000 → 11025 Hz (ratio 441/1920, simplified
from 11025/48000). Follow `docs/Optimization-Guidelines.md` polyphase
resampler guidance. Same pattern as FT8 decoder's 48k→12k resampler.
### 6.2 FM Discriminator
Compute instantaneous frequency from the analytic signal:
1. **Hilbert transform** (FIR, 65-tap) to produce analytic signal `z[n]`.
2. **Instantaneous frequency**: `f[n] = arg(z[n] · conj(z[n-1])) / (2π·Ts)`
3. Map frequency to luminance: `pixel = clamp((f - 1500) / 800, 0, 1)`.
The Hilbert + frequency discriminator approach avoids PLL complexity and works
well for the relatively low data rate of WEFAX.
### 6.3 APT Tone Detection
Use **Goertzel filters** at three frequencies (matching `trx-cw` pattern):
| Tone | Frequency | Meaning |
|------|-----------|---------|
| Start (IOC 576) | 300 Hz | Begin reception, IOC=576 |
| Start (IOC 288) | 675 Hz | Begin reception, IOC=288 |
| Stop | 450 Hz | End of transmission |
Detection window: ~200 ms (2205 samples at 11025 Hz). Require sustained
detection for ≥1.5 s to confirm (debounce against noise). Energy ratio
vs broadband noise for reliability.
### 6.4 Phasing Signal Detection
During phasing, each line is >95% white (2300 Hz) with a narrow black pulse
(~5% of line width) at the line-start position.
1. After start tone, begin accumulating demodulated samples.
2. Slice into line-duration windows (e.g., 500 ms for 120 LPM).
3. Cross-correlate against expected phasing template (short black pulse).
4. Average pulse position over 10+ phasing lines → line-start phase offset.
5. Transition to `Receiving` once phase is stable (variance < 2 samples).
### 6.5 Line Slicing and Pixel Clock
Once phased:
1. Accumulate demodulated (frequency → luminance) samples.
2. At each line boundary (determined by LPM and phase offset), extract
one line of `pixels_per_line` values via linear interpolation from
the sample buffer.
3. Push completed line into the image assembler.
4. Emit `WefaxProgress` every 50 lines (configurable).
### 6.6 Image Assembly
- Maintain a `Vec<Vec<u8>>` of greyscale lines (0255).
- On stop tone or manual stop: encode to 8-bit greyscale PNG.
- Save to `output_dir` with filename pattern:
`WEFAX-{YYYY}-{MM}-{DD}T{HH}{mm}{ss}-IOC{ioc}-{lpm}lpm.png`
- Return `WefaxMessage` with `complete: true` and `path` set.
## 7. Integration with trx-rs
### 7.1 Workspace registration
Add to root `Cargo.toml` workspace members:
```toml
"src/decoders/trx-wefax"
```
### 7.2 `trx-core` changes
Add variants to `DecodedMessage`:
```rust
#[serde(rename = "wefax")]
Wefax(WefaxMessage),
#[serde(rename = "wefax_progress")]
WefaxProgress(WefaxProgress),
```
Update `set_rig_id()` / `rig_id()` match arms.
### 7.3 `trx-server` integration
Add `run_wefax_decoder()` in `audio.rs` following the existing pattern:
```rust
pub async fn run_wefax_decoder(
sample_rate: u32,
channels: u16,
mut pcm_rx: broadcast::Receiver<Vec<f32>>,
state_rx: watch::Receiver<RigState>,
decode_tx: broadcast::Sender<DecodedMessage>,
logs: Option<Arc<DecoderLoggers>>,
histories: Arc<DecoderHistories>,
)
```
Spawn in `main.rs` alongside other decoders, gated by mode (USB/LSB on
HF WEFAX frequencies).
### 7.4 History and logging
- Add `wefax: Arc<Mutex<VecDeque<WefaxMessage>>>` to `DecoderHistories`.
- Add optional `wefax` logger to `DecoderLoggers` (JSON Lines).
### 7.5 Frontend exposure
The web frontend follows the existing decoder plugin pattern used by WSPR,
FT8, AIS, etc. WEFAX is unique among decoders because it produces **images**
rather than text rows, so the UI uses a `<canvas>` for live line-by-line
rendering instead of the tabular layout used by other decoders.
#### 7.5.1 Rust backend wiring (`trx-frontend-http`)
**`src/status.rs`** &mdash; embed the plugin script:
```rust
pub const WEFAX_JS: &str = include_str!("../assets/web/plugins/wefax.js");
```
**`src/api/assets.rs`** &mdash; define the gzip-cached route:
```rust
define_gz_cache!(gz_wefax_js, status::WEFAX_JS, "wefax.js");
#[get("/wefax.js")]
pub(crate) async fn wefax_js(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
let c = gz_wefax_js();
static_asset_response(&req, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", c)
}
```
**`src/api/decoder.rs`** &mdash; add endpoints:
```rust
#[post("/toggle_wefax_decode")]
pub async fn toggle_wefax_decode(
query: web::Query<RemoteQuery>,
state: web::Data<watch::Receiver<RigState>>,
rig_tx: web::Data<mpsc::Sender<RigRequest>>,
) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
let enabled = state.get_ref().borrow().decoders.wefax_decode_enabled;
send_command(
&rig_tx,
RigCommand::SetWefaxDecodeEnabled(!enabled),
query.into_inner().remote,
)
.await
}
#[post("/clear_wefax_decode")]
pub async fn clear_wefax_decode(
query: web::Query<RemoteQuery>,
context: web::Data<Arc<FrontendRuntimeContext>>,
rig_tx: web::Data<mpsc::Sender<RigRequest>>,
) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
crate::server::audio::clear_wefax_history(context.get_ref());
send_command(
&rig_tx,
RigCommand::ResetWefaxDecoder,
query.into_inner().remote,
)
.await
}
```
**`src/api/mod.rs`** &mdash; register in `configure()`:
```rust
.service(decoder::toggle_wefax_decode)
.service(decoder::clear_wefax_decode)
.service(assets::wefax_js)
```
**Decode history** &mdash; add `"wefax"` key to the CBOR payload returned
by `GET /decode/history`, containing `Vec<WefaxMessage>` (completed images
only; in-progress images are streamed via SSE).
**SSE `/decode` stream** &mdash; broadcast two event shapes:
```json
{"wefax_progress": {"line_count": 142, "lpm": 120, "ioc": 576, "pixels_per_line": 1809,
"line_data": "<base64-encoded u8 greyscale row>"}}
{"wefax": {"ts_ms": 1712000000000, "line_count": 800, "lpm": 120, "ioc": 576,
"pixels_per_line": 1809, "complete": true,
"path": "/images/WEFAX-2026-04-02T1430-IOC576-120lpm.png"}}
```
`wefax_progress` events carry a base64 `line_data` field (one image row of
greyscale bytes) so the browser can paint each line as it arrives without
needing a separate WebSocket channel.
**Decoder registry** &mdash; add entry to `DECODER_REGISTRY` in
`trx-protocol`:
```rust
DecoderRegistryEntry {
id: "wefax",
label: "WEFAX",
activation: "toggle", // enable/disable button
active_modes: &["usb", "lsb", "am"],
background_decode: false,
bookmark_selectable: true,
}
```
#### 7.5.2 HTML additions (`index.html`)
**Sub-tab button** (inside `.sub-tab-bar`, after the existing decoder
buttons):
```html
<button class="sub-tab" data-subtab="wefax" id="subtab-wefax">WEFAX</button>
```
**Sub-tab panel** (alongside other `sub-tab-panel` divs):
```html
<div id="subtab-wefax" class="sub-tab-panel" style="display:none;">
<div class="ft8-controls">
<button id="wefax-decode-toggle-btn" type="button">Enable WEFAX</button>
<button id="wefax-clear-btn" type="button"
style="margin-left:0.5rem; font-size:0.8rem;">Clear</button>
<small id="wefax-status" style="color:var(--text-muted);">Idle</small>
</div>
<!-- Live image canvas — painted line-by-line during reception -->
<div id="wefax-live-container" style="display:none; margin:0.5rem 0;">
<div style="display:flex; align-items:center; gap:0.5rem; margin-bottom:0.3rem;">
<strong>Receiving</strong>
<small id="wefax-live-info" style="color:var(--text-muted);"></small>
</div>
<canvas id="wefax-live-canvas" width="1809" height="800"
style="width:100%; image-rendering:pixelated; background:#000;"></canvas>
</div>
<!-- Gallery of completed images -->
<div id="wefax-gallery" style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:0.5rem;"></div>
</div>
```
**Overview section** (inside the digital-modes overview panel):
```html
<div class="plugin-item" data-decoder="wefax">
<strong>WEFAX Decoder</strong>
<div style="color:var(--text-muted); font-size:0.85rem; margin-top:0.2rem;">
Weather Facsimile &mdash; HF/satellite image reception (60/90/120/240 LPM)
</div>
</div>
```
**About section** (in the About tab decoder list):
```html
<tr id="about-dec-wefax"><td>WEFAX</td><td>Weather Facsimile decoder</td></tr>
```
#### 7.5.3 Plugin script registration
**`index.html` plugin map** &mdash; add `'/wefax.js'` to the
`'digital-modes'` array in `pluginScripts`:
```javascript
var pluginScripts = {
'digital-modes': ['/ft8.js', ..., '/wefax.js'],
// ...
};
```
#### 7.5.4 SSE dispatch in `app.js`
Add WEFAX to the decode event dispatcher (inside `decodeSource.onmessage`):
```javascript
if (msg.wefax_progress && window.onServerWefaxProgress) {
window.onServerWefaxProgress(msg.wefax_progress);
}
if (msg.wefax && window.onServerWefax) {
window.onServerWefax(msg.wefax);
}
```
Add `"wefax"` to the decode history restore loop:
```javascript
// In loadDecodeHistoryOnMainThread / worker dispatch:
const HISTORY_GROUP_KEYS = ["ais", "vdes", "aprs", "hf_aprs",
"cw", "ft8", "ft4", "ft2", "wspr", "wefax"];
```
Add WEFAX to `restoreDecodeHistoryGroup()`:
```javascript
case "wefax":
if (window.restoreWefaxHistory) window.restoreWefaxHistory(messages);
break;
```
#### 7.5.5 Plugin file (`assets/web/plugins/wefax.js`)
Full plugin structure following the project's vanilla-JS decoder plugin
pattern:
```javascript
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wefax.js — WEFAX decoder plugin for trx-frontend-http
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// --- DOM refs ---
const wefaxStatus = document.getElementById('wefax-status');
const wefaxLiveContainer= document.getElementById('wefax-live-container');
const wefaxLiveInfo = document.getElementById('wefax-live-info');
const wefaxLiveCanvas = document.getElementById('wefax-live-canvas');
const wefaxGallery = document.getElementById('wefax-gallery');
const wefaxToggleBtn = document.getElementById('wefax-decode-toggle-btn');
const wefaxClearBtn = document.getElementById('wefax-clear-btn');
// --- State ---
let wefaxImageHistory = []; // completed WefaxMessage objects
let wefaxLiveCtx = null; // canvas 2D context
let wefaxLiveLineCount = 0; // lines painted so far
let wefaxLivePixelsPerLine = 1809;
// --- Helpers ---
function currentWefaxHistoryRetentionMs() {
return window.getDecodeHistoryRetentionMs?.() || 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
}
function pruneWefaxHistory() {
const cutoff = Date.now() - currentWefaxHistoryRetentionMs();
wefaxImageHistory = wefaxImageHistory.filter(m => (m._tsMs || 0) > cutoff);
}
function escapeHtml(s) {
return String(s)
.replaceAll('&', '&amp;')
.replaceAll('<', '&lt;')
.replaceAll('>', '&gt;')
.replaceAll('"', '&quot;');
}
// --- Live canvas rendering ---
/** Reset canvas for a new image reception. */
function resetLiveCanvas(pixelsPerLine) {
wefaxLivePixelsPerLine = pixelsPerLine;
wefaxLiveLineCount = 0;
wefaxLiveCanvas.width = pixelsPerLine;
wefaxLiveCanvas.height = 800; // grows if needed
wefaxLiveCtx = wefaxLiveCanvas.getContext('2d');
wefaxLiveCtx.fillStyle = '#000';
wefaxLiveCtx.fillRect(0, 0, wefaxLiveCanvas.width, wefaxLiveCanvas.height);
wefaxLiveContainer.style.display = '';
}
/** Append one greyscale line (Uint8Array) to the live canvas. */
function paintLine(lineBytes) {
if (!wefaxLiveCtx) return;
const y = wefaxLiveLineCount;
// Grow canvas vertically if needed (double height strategy).
if (y >= wefaxLiveCanvas.height) {
const old = wefaxLiveCtx.getImageData(
0, 0, wefaxLiveCanvas.width, wefaxLiveCanvas.height);
wefaxLiveCanvas.height *= 2;
wefaxLiveCtx.putImageData(old, 0, 0);
}
const w = wefaxLivePixelsPerLine;
const imgData = wefaxLiveCtx.createImageData(w, 1);
const d = imgData.data;
for (let x = 0; x < w; x++) {
const v = x < lineBytes.length ? lineBytes[x] : 0;
const i = x * 4;
d[i] = v; d[i + 1] = v; d[i + 2] = v; d[i + 3] = 255;
}
wefaxLiveCtx.putImageData(imgData, 0, y);
wefaxLiveLineCount++;
}
// --- Gallery rendering ---
function renderGalleryThumbnail(msg) {
const card = document.createElement('div');
card.className = 'wefax-card';
card.style.cssText =
'border:1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius:4px; ' +
'padding:0.4rem; max-width:280px; cursor:pointer;';
const ts = msg._tsMs
? new Date(msg._tsMs).toLocaleString()
: '—';
const info = `${msg.ioc} IOC · ${msg.lpm} LPM · ${msg.line_count} lines`;
// If a server path is available, show a thumbnail linking to it.
if (msg.path) {
card.innerHTML =
`<img src="/images/${escapeHtml(msg.path.split('/').pop())}"
alt="WEFAX" loading="lazy"
style="width:100%; image-rendering:pixelated;" />` +
`<div style="font-size:0.8rem; margin-top:0.2rem;">${escapeHtml(ts)}</div>` +
`<div style="font-size:0.75rem; color:var(--text-muted);">${info}</div>`;
} else {
card.innerHTML =
`<div style="font-size:0.8rem;">${escapeHtml(ts)}</div>` +
`<div style="font-size:0.75rem; color:var(--text-muted);">${info}</div>`;
}
return card;
}
function renderWefaxGallery() {
pruneWefaxHistory();
const frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
for (const msg of wefaxImageHistory) {
frag.appendChild(renderGalleryThumbnail(msg));
}
wefaxGallery.innerHTML = '';
wefaxGallery.appendChild(frag);
}
function scheduleWefaxGalleryRender() {
if (window.trxScheduleUiFrameJob) {
window.trxScheduleUiFrameJob('wefax-gallery', renderWefaxGallery);
} else {
requestAnimationFrame(renderWefaxGallery);
}
}
// --- SSE event handlers (public API) ---
/** Called for each wefax_progress SSE event (one image line). */
window.onServerWefaxProgress = function (msg) {
// First progress event of a new image → reset canvas.
if (msg.line_count <= 1 || !wefaxLiveCtx) {
resetLiveCanvas(msg.pixels_per_line || 1809);
}
// Decode base64 line_data → Uint8Array → paint.
if (msg.line_data) {
const binary = atob(msg.line_data);
const bytes = new Uint8Array(binary.length);
for (let i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i);
paintLine(bytes);
}
// Update status text.
if (wefaxLiveInfo) {
wefaxLiveInfo.textContent =
`Line ${msg.line_count} · ${msg.ioc} IOC · ${msg.lpm} LPM`;
}
if (wefaxStatus) {
wefaxStatus.textContent = `Receiving — line ${msg.line_count}`;
wefaxStatus.style.color = 'var(--text-accent)';
}
};
/** Called when a complete WEFAX image is received. */
window.onServerWefax = function (msg) {
msg._tsMs = msg.ts_ms || Date.now();
wefaxImageHistory.unshift(msg);
pruneWefaxHistory();
scheduleWefaxGalleryRender();
// Finalise live canvas — trim height to actual line count.
if (wefaxLiveCtx && wefaxLiveLineCount > 0) {
const trimmed = wefaxLiveCtx.getImageData(
0, 0, wefaxLiveCanvas.width, wefaxLiveLineCount);
wefaxLiveCanvas.height = wefaxLiveLineCount;
wefaxLiveCtx.putImageData(trimmed, 0, 0);
}
if (wefaxStatus) {
wefaxStatus.textContent = `Complete — ${msg.line_count} lines`;
wefaxStatus.style.color = '';
}
};
/** Batch restore from decode history (page load). */
window.restoreWefaxHistory = function (messages) {
if (!messages || !messages.length) return;
for (const m of messages) {
m._tsMs = m.ts_ms || Date.now();
}
wefaxImageHistory = messages.concat(wefaxImageHistory);
pruneWefaxHistory();
scheduleWefaxGalleryRender();
};
/** Called by history retention pruning cycle. */
window.pruneWefaxHistoryView = function () {
pruneWefaxHistory();
scheduleWefaxGalleryRender();
};
/** Full reset (rig change, clear). */
window.resetWefaxHistoryView = function () {
wefaxImageHistory = [];
wefaxGallery.innerHTML = '';
wefaxLiveContainer.style.display = 'none';
wefaxLiveCtx = null;
wefaxLiveLineCount = 0;
if (wefaxStatus) {
wefaxStatus.textContent = 'Idle';
wefaxStatus.style.color = '';
}
};
// --- Button handlers ---
if (wefaxClearBtn) {
wefaxClearBtn.addEventListener('click', function () {
fetch('/clear_wefax_decode', { method: 'POST' });
window.resetWefaxHistoryView();
});
}
```
#### 7.5.6 Data flow summary
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant Server as trx-server (wefax decoder)
participant SSE as SSE /decode
participant Plugin as wefax.js
participant Canvas as <canvas>
participant Gallery as Gallery div
Server->>SSE: wefax_progress (line_data base64)
SSE->>Plugin: onServerWefaxProgress()
Plugin->>Canvas: paintLine() — one greyscale row
Note over Server: ...repeats per line...
Server->>SSE: wefax (complete=true, path)
SSE->>Plugin: onServerWefax()
Plugin->>Canvas: trim canvas to final height
Plugin->>Gallery: renderGalleryThumbnail()
```
#### 7.5.7 Image serving
Completed PNG files saved by the decoder need an HTTP route for browser
access. Add a static-file route in `assets.rs`:
```rust
#[get("/images/{filename}")]
pub(crate) async fn wefax_image(
req: HttpRequest,
path: web::Path<String>,
) -> impl Responder {
// Serve from WefaxConfig::output_dir, validate filename (no path traversal).
// Content-Type: image/png, Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400.
}
```
Register in `api/mod.rs`:
```rust
.service(assets::wefax_image)
```
#### 7.5.8 Decode history worker update
Add `"wefax"` to `HISTORY_GROUP_KEYS` in `decode-history-worker.js`:
```javascript
const HISTORY_GROUP_KEYS = [
"ais", "vdes", "aprs", "hf_aprs", "cw",
"ft8", "ft4", "ft2", "wspr", "wefax"
];
```
## 8. Implementation Phases
### Phase 1: Core DSP (MVP) ✅
1.**Resampler** &mdash; 48k→11025 polyphase resampler with tests.
2.**FM discriminator** &mdash; Hilbert FIR + instantaneous freq, verify
against synthetic 15002300 Hz sweeps.
3.**Tone detector** &mdash; Goertzel at 300/450/675 Hz with debounce.
4.**Line slicer** &mdash; Fixed-config (manual LPM+IOC) line extraction.
5.**Image buffer + PNG** &mdash; Greyscale line accumulation, `png`
crate for encoding.
Deliverable: decode a known WEFAX WAV recording at a single speed/IOC.
### Phase 2: Automatic Detection ✅
6.**State machine** &mdash; Full `Idle→StartDetected→Phasing→Receiving→Stopping`
transitions driven by tone detector.
7.**Phase alignment** &mdash; Cross-correlation phasing detector.
8.**Auto IOC/LPM** &mdash; IOC from start tone frequency; LPM from phasing
line duration measurement.
Deliverable: fully automatic reception of a single image without manual config.
### Phase 3: Server Integration ✅
9.**`trx-core` message types** &mdash; `WefaxMessage`, `WefaxProgress` in
`DecodedMessage`.
10.**`trx-server` task** &mdash; `run_wefax_decoder()`, history, logging.
11.**Protocol registry** &mdash; `DECODER_REGISTRY` entry for `"wefax"`.
Deliverable: backend wefax decoding with SSE event broadcast.
### Phase 3b: Frontend Wiring ✅
12.**Rust asset pipeline** &mdash; `status.rs` embed, `assets.rs` gzip
cache + route, `decoder.rs` toggle/clear endpoints, `api/mod.rs`
registration (§7.5.1).
13.**HTML scaffold** &mdash; sub-tab button, sub-tab panel with canvas +
gallery, overview entry, about row (§7.5.2).
14.**Plugin loading** &mdash; add `/wefax.js` to `pluginScripts`
`'digital-modes'` array (§7.5.3).
15.**SSE dispatch** &mdash; `wefax` / `wefax_progress` handlers in
`app.js` decode event dispatcher (§7.5.4).
16.**`wefax.js` plugin** &mdash; live canvas rendering, gallery
thumbnails, history restore, toggle/clear wiring (§7.5.5).
17. **Image serving** &mdash; `/images/{filename}` static route for
completed PNGs (§7.5.7). *(deferred: images served from output_dir)*
18.**History worker** &mdash; add `"wefax"` to `HISTORY_GROUP_KEYS`
(§7.5.8).
Deliverable: end-to-end live WEFAX decoding with in-browser image preview.
### Phase 4: Polish
19. **Multi-speed runtime switching** &mdash; handle back-to-back
transmissions at different LPM within one session.
20. **Slant correction** &mdash; fine-tune sample clock drift compensation
using phasing pulse tracking.
21. **Colour compositing** &mdash; optional IR + visible overlay for
satellite WEFAX (future).
22. **Test suite** &mdash; synthetic signal generation, round-trip tests,
edge cases (partial images, noise, frequency offset).
## 9. Dependencies
```toml
[dependencies]
trx-core = { path = "../../trx-core" }
rustfft = "6" # Hilbert transform FIR via FFT overlap-save (optional)
png = "0.17" # PNG encoding (lightweight, no image full dep)
```
No additional heavy dependencies required. The DSP components (Goertzel,
polyphase resampler, Hilbert FIR) are small enough to implement inline,
consistent with the pure-Rust approach of `trx-rds`, `trx-cw`, and
`trx-ftx`.
## 10. Testing Strategy
| Test | Method |
|------|--------|
| FM discriminator accuracy | Synthesise known-frequency tones, verify ±1 Hz |
| Tone detection | Inject 300/450/675 Hz bursts, verify timing |
| Phase alignment | Synthetic phasing signal with known pulse position |
| Line pixel accuracy | Known gradient pattern → verify pixel values |
| Full decode round-trip | Reference WEFAX WAV → compare output PNG against known-good |
| Multi-speed switching | Sequential 120 LPM + 60 LPM images in one stream |
| Noise resilience | Add white noise at various SNR, verify graceful degradation |
## 11. References
- ITU-R BT.601 (facsimile signal characteristics)
- WMO Manual on the GTS, Attachment II-13 (HF radiofax schedule/format)
- NOAA Radiofax Charts: frequency schedules and IOC/LPM per product
- Existing open-source implementations: `fldigi` WEFAX module, `multimon-ng`